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Effective Restaurant Marketing – Mobile Marketing for Restaurants and Bars

Competition is fierce in the restaurant industry in today’s economy as restaurant owners are finding it more and more difficult to fill their tables on a nightly basis. It doesn’t matter what the cuisine is or the posh nature of the establishment: the recession has hit this industry hard, to the point where just about every restaurant is scrambling for ways to effectively market themselves in unique manners.

Forget about traditional marketing – studies upon studies show that mobile marketing and campaign video email are the most effective forms of promotion in today’s world. The beauty of mobile marketing is that you can effectively utilize SMS text messages to build an opt-in database of strong and targeted prospective customers much easier than thought possible via traditional print media and do it cost-effectively as well where your restaurant mobile marketing actually costs less!

With that in mind, here are five mobile business-building steps you must take to insure your restaurant can compete in today’s recessionary times for effective restaurant marketing:

1) Purchase a mobile keyword and brand your restaurant around it. Effective restaurant marketing begins with this step. Your mobile keyword can be a version of your restaurant name or you can make it generic if you’d like (text HOTDEALS to 69302 as an example – but beware, mobile text message marketing has become so popular many strong generic keywords are already taken)

With your mobile keyword in place, create a value offer to entice your future customers to opt-into your campaigns. (for example, text to 69302 and get 5% off your bill). The better the offer, the more people will opt-in. When people text your offer on their cell phones, they will immediately be sent a coupon to their phones to redeem at your restaurant ( a coupon they can’t forget at home) – and you can market to them in the future whenever you’d like with more valuable offers to keep them coming back again and again.

Reference your keyword on all your promotional items, (website, restaurant signage, business cards, receipts, billboards, and yes even print advertising if you still can’t make the break from traditional advertising) and you’ll build your opt-in database very quickly.

2) Create a barcode scan to deliver content. 2D Barcodes can deliver any content you’d like directly to a user’s mobile device including videos, texts, social media messages, mobile coupons, even your entire menu, all by simply using the camera on your phone as a scanning device and downloading the mobile scanning software for free. Mobile marketing barcode scanning works fantastically for restaurant marketing because it turns untrackable advertising into trackable data. The possibilities for restaurant mobile marketing using barcode scans are limitless and because it’s so new to the market, your customers are sure to be amazed at their ease of use and convenience. They also provide a “wow factor” second to none and will skyrocket customer loyalty and incremental sales since an amazed customer is a repeat customer.

3) Develop a video for your website and upload it to YouTube. This seems obvious as YouTube is now the #2 search engine on the internet, which means if you don’t have some kind of presence on YouTube, you are missing out on a very powerful (and free) source of potential customers. It doesn’t have to be an elaborate production either, perhaps just a 1 or 2 minute video of a tour of your restaurant and maybe some shots of food preparation in the kitchen – perhaps even include your keyword offer and your 2D barcode scan! The key is if you tag the video correctly and learn how to rank your video for relevance, you’ll see a great amount of traffic to your website as a result of video marketing.

4) Incorporate mobile marketing campaigns to drive reservations to your restaurant. The goal of the above steps is to grow your opt-in permission based marketing list. Now you need to stay in touch with these people with a variety of value-added updates or offers. Depending on how you setup your lead captures, you can send video emails to your subscribers or send them text messages – the point is to interact and turn them into customers (or repeat customers hopefully). For example, if your restaurant is hosting some kind of benefit or charity event, you may want to blast out a message telling people not to miss it and make their reservations right now.

Or create a mobile campaign advertising on mobile devices where your ad is shown and clickable for immediate reservation capabilities. Again, the possibilities are endless. Consult with a mobile marketing company for best practices on how to make this work to your advantage.

5) Develop an app for your restaurant for download to mobile devices from the iTunes store. Remember how we mentioned how popular YouTube is? Well, there are literally thousands upon thousands of downloads from Apple’s iTunes store each day on just about every subject. Perhaps someone may find your app while searching for “restaurants” on iTunes? It’s entirely possible and a good app can do wonders for your brand awareness.

Just about every restaurant has their own website, some are marketing via video, and many more are diving into text message marketing. However, iPhone and iPad application marketing is just about untouched and makes for a phenomenal opportunity for effective restaurant marketing for restaurant owners looking to be on the forefront of a new and exciting internet marketing technology.

BONUS TIP: Place your restaurant listing into the Hot Deals Network at http://www.hotdealsnetwork.com and offer text message mobile coupons for the network subscriber group. The Hot Deals Network combines text message marketing, 2d barcode scanning, video, and mobile marketing for effective restaurant marketing by providing a resource for restaurants to showcase themselves in a highly targeted environment. Hot Deals Network subscribers get the buzz on special offers redeemable from their mobile devices and is currently the only platform combining all avenues of mobile marketing for restaurants.

If you incorporate all the above suggestions and market your restaurant in an effective and cost-effective manner, you’ll wonder how you ever got by before wit

Now Pay Close Attention –

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Text message marketing as your unique personalized form of marketing

The reach and popularity of the mobile phones has ensured a sure-short success in text message marketing. Gone are the days when you had to reach your potential customers relying on tradition marketing communications to deliver your ideas in the form of products and services.  Time has changed and so has the manner in which the businesses and organizations are communicating with their potential customers. With Trumpia’s text message marketing, contacting the customers has now become easy, comfortable, and vibrant which yields quick and relevant responses like never before.

The good thing about text message marketing service is that it is targeted and you can still read them when you are on the go. Text grabs the attention of consumers through text message marketing with personalization. Personalized efforts help strengthen relationships between customers and marketers. So, time and impact are other advantages of the text message marketing in Trumpia.

Text message marketing makes interactive campaigns happen, good enough to incorporate fun and a high level of involvement. Based on the mobile keyword you can encourage the best and useful mobile campaigns. Useful two way interaction is also possible in text message marketing of Trumpia.

Text message marketing has brought a revolution in the world of communication and marketing. It bridges the gap between the businesses and consumers by building, maintaining, and strengthening company business relations. It goes without saying that the text message marketing has made marketing a direct, cost effective, and positive return on investment.
With Trumpia’s bulk text message marketing the right kind of target audience can be reached in no time. Timely delivery, keyword sign up, message forwarding, API customization, etc are some of the amazing features of Trumpia’s text message marketing. It is one of the most effective forms of direct advertising.

Text message marketing is here to stay. Studies show a high level of transactions and purchase that takes place with the help of text messages. It will also continue to grow as more mobile subscribers grow in years to come. Text message marketing service is on its way to becoming a winner in the world of marketing with even low budget. It’s an effective and useful marketing boon for the big as well as the medium business enterprises.  
Trumpia’s Text message marketing is an inseparable part of your mobile marketing database. It’s your perfect marketing tool for reaching the customers in a direct and most effective way.

Learn The Purpose Of A Text Generator

Attractive text often gains special attention. If you have an online business, you may be advertising your business with banners and text ads. By adding special effects to the text in your ads, you can easily drive the attention of potential customers. You can enhance the appearance of your website or a social networking profile making use of graphics text. You can even send messages to your friends using special text to impress them. Either you are a business legend or an ordinary individual, you can make use of text generators to create beautiful text. Designing a text on your own may consume loads of time. With the advent of text generators, you no longer have to spend time in designing text. Text Generators are tools that help you in creating unique text in no time.

There are lots of web design services that provide you with text generator tools for free. You can make use of these tools wisely to enhance the performance of your website, blog or affiliate page. You can either use their customized text or create your own text with the help of a text generating tool. Another smart way is to customize an existing text according to your requirements. The tools have various options that let you change the font style, size, color and the appearance of the text. You can also adjust the space between the letters. If you want your text to look more attractive, then you can use some graphics and glitter to the text. Graphics text has images in form of letters. A graphic text is very eye catching and adds style to your website. You can further add to the style of the text by adding glitter effects to your text.

Don’t fear whether using a text generation tool involves lot of technical work. The text generating tools are so simple to use that even a computer illiterate can easily learn to use it. Most often, the website that provides text generator services will have step by step instructions to use the tool effectively. Even if you don’t find any instructions, you can search online for the operating instructions of text generating tools. It is always a better idea to test the various text designs on your website before deciding on a text. This way you will be able to benefit fully from the text that you generate.

How Text Messaging Can Save You Money

Sending text messages through a cell phone is an inexpensive alternative to placing a phone call on the same cell phone. There are benefits to using text messages for different segments of society. The only limitation is that the message must be shortened to 160 characters or less for each message that is sent. This necessity to keep messages short is why the use of abbreviated words is becoming more prevalent now.

The home user of text messages will find greater convenience in communicating with family and friends. Parents of school children appreciate the ability to get in touch with their children instantly. Young children can learn to use a cell phone for text messaging purposes easily. The same goes for people with elderly parents; they can check on their loved ones easily and quickly. In an emergency situation, a text has the power to

save a life.

People, who may have found it difficult to use a cell phone for a phone call, find it easy to send text messages. Deaf people are able to communicate effectively with others through the use of text messages. With this inexpensive tool of communication, deaf people are able to communicate effectively with more people, including emergency services.

Businesses are finding that they can create an effective marketing campaign with the use of text messages. Customers may subscribe to a company’s text message services to learn about new products and services. Some companies will send a text message that serves as a coupon, which can be redeemed by showing the text message to a store representative.

Businesses are finding that text messages are a very convenient way to contact their customers with cell phones for various reasons. A business may keep in touch with their customers to let them know when their order is ready or an appointment time is available. Businesses also find that text messages are an effective way for customers to communicate back with the company.

Not only are businesses using text to contact their customers, they are using text messages to contact their company’s workers. Work colleagues no longer have to stop everything that they are doing when they send text messages to fellow workers, no matter when either party is located. When an office equips all its workers with a cell phone for text messages, it is easy to communicate with workers and colleagues easily without much

further expense.

A company of any size can benefit from adding text messages to their communication toolbox. There are different text message services that make it easy to communicate with large groups of people. It is effortless to send out text messages automatically, according to a clock or calendar schedule. Senders can monitor the delivery of their sent text messages. There are also interpretation services for text messaging.

For all the functionality that text gives to a home or company, it does not take much set up to be able to send text messages. One cell phone or computer can reach another specific cell phone by dialing the right cell phone number. Messages may be received by another cell phone or computer with Internet access. Text messaging is a revolutionary way of communication that erases the expense and time associated with making a cell phone call.

Text Message for Profits Review

Text Message for Profits is a training system developed by Todd Treanor that will show you how to increase the open rate for all of your text messages. You will learn how to effectively use text messaging to reach a new market and how it can be much more effective that the typical email marketing you may currently be using. Text messaging is one of the most effective ways of marketing since a person receiving a text will typically open it within four minutes and the open rate for text messages is between 95 and 97 percent.

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With this training system you will be shown exactly how to set-up, configure, and test your opt-in system so that you have permission to contact potential customers. You will be shown how to build the advertising campaigns, how to set up the automated coupon system, and learn which text messaging formats are the most effective. You will then learn how to launch your advertising campaign, monetize your list, and do it all while remaining CAN-SPAM compliant. Each of these steps will be explained with a video tutorial as well as a PDF and audio transcript. As a bonus you will also receive a complete text message ready website that includes an opt-in page. You can have immediate access to the entire training system for a one-time payment of 7. If you don’t feel (after purchase) that you have received valuable information on how to effectively use text messaging for advertising then you can request a full refund anytime within the first sixty days.

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Finding Equivalence in Translation of Scientific Texts

Abstract 

The theory of equivalence is the most important topic for the comparison of texts in different languages. Equivalence can be said to be the central subject in translation. Although it’s definition, relevance and applicability within the field of translation theory have caused controversial issue and many different theories of the concept of equivalence has been elaborated within this field in the past fifty years. Many theorists have studied equivalence in relation to the translation process, using different approaches and have provided useful ideas and concepts for the next study on this topic. 

Since translation is translation of an original, the ideas of equivalence between the translated and original text arise naturally. There have been many attempts to find criteria for equivalence. As is well known, even word for word equivalence is problematic. The referential aspect of a word creates one possible criterion for equivalence, which is usually called denotative equivalence.5 Equivalence can also be on the order of connotation, formal, pragmatic and so on. It may also be desirable to go beyond the orbit of the text and search for the notion of equivalence in the agency of the reader and the different cultures involved in translation.

Nida’s (1964) idea of dynamic equivalence, for instance, argues for a notion of equivalence based on the‘equivalent’ effect of the text on the reader. In his influential work, Popovic (1976) distinguishes between four types of equivalence arising in translation—Linguistic, Paradigmatic, Stylistic and Syntagmatic. Related to this is his emphasis on the ‘invariant core’ in each text, suggesting that

translation function to transmit and transfer this core. The idea of invariance is very suggestive of its uses in other disciplines, particularly science. Invariance is essentially a concept associated with dynamics and change. It is only under the agency of some action that we can recognize the invariance of an object or system. Invariance is, therefore, specifically linked to an act as also to that element, in part or in full, which

remains invariant. In the case of translation, the specific dynamic act is that of translation. Under this action, it may be believed that ‘something’ remains invariant, perhaps

the meaning of the text. The text by itself cannot be invariant, nor can the number of words or pages. This idea of invariance has striking philosophical similarities to the notion of invariance as it occurs in science. As is well known, the idea of symmetry in science is deeply implicated in the idea of invariance. Although I do not mean to suggest a facile analogy between the two, I mention this merely to draw attention to the close conceptual links between the concerns of translation and of science. In all these three types of translation, the problems of equivalence, identity and sameness are present.

It is important to emphasize here that the scientific discourse is not totally distinct from literary discourse. As a discourse, it has its own stylistics, aesthetics, rhetoric, metaphors and so on. But it also has something more—it is this extra space which needs to be delineated clearly. The nature of the scientific discourse, as a multiple semiotic system and in its use of multiple literary strategies, is already implicated within the notion of translation. Setting out some salient points related to translation, derived from the concerns of literature, will help broaden the understanding of the scientific discourse, as manifested in its written form.

This task is indeed urgent considering the widespread belief that scientific and technical texts donot exhibit the problems present in literary translation. Even Susan Bassnett (1991: 79), who otherwise champions the need to acknowledge the complexity of translation, has this to say about scientific texts:

If the text is perceived as an object that should only produce a single invariant reading, any ‘deviation’ on the part of the reader/translator will be judged as transgression. Such a judgement might be made regarding scientific documents, for example, where facts are set out and presented in unqualifiedly objective terms for the reader of SL and TL text alike, but with literary texts the position is different. This privileging of the scientific text is unnecessary and also untenable. Ironically,

the sentence following the above quote is, “one of the greatest advances in twentieth century literary study has been the re-evaluation of the reader”.

This shift to the reader reinforces the complexity that is inherent in scientific texts, which attain this status by being read as such. Barthes’ view of the reader as a producer of the text, and not merely a consumer, along with Kristeva’s positioning the” reader as realizing the expansion of the work’s process of semiotics” is comments equally applicable to the scientific discourse. In fact, this constant schizophrenia of reader/translator is a defining mark not only of translation but also of the scientific activity. If translators are readers of the source text that they translate, scientists are readers of the ‘book of nature’ which they then translate. There is no getting away from the textual character of science. Being a collection

of texts, written in natural and symbolic languages, there are various factors which regulate its form and, not so obviously, its content. It would be easy to say that scientific texts form one uniform genre. But like poetry and fiction, the boundaries defining the genre are constantly under pressure to change. Thus although texts can be’ identified’ as belonging to the scientific (and/or technical) genre, this does not negate the possibility of overlaps with those characteristics which mark literary genres.

This intermarriage of different genres creates further problems, as far as translation is concerned. Each genre deals with the concerns of translation in different ways. Translators, drawing upon the practice of translating texts, have attempted to set

some basic rules of translation for different genres. Lefevere’s seven strategies for translating poetry and Hilaire Belloc’s (Ibid., 85) six general rules for translating prose are attempts in this direction. These strategies respond to the textuality specific to these different genres. Although, at this point, I do not believe that one can attempt a similar Lose Weight Exercise for scientific discourse, more detailed analysis of that discourse might lead to such attempts in the future. Here I will only assert that the

writing of the scientific discourse already, and implicitly, involves discursive strategies dealing with translation.

Most, if not all, scientific texts are ‘structurally similar’ to prose texts. The text is bifurcated into chapters, sections, paragraphs and sentences. There is an apparent linearity to the text—the development of the text beginning with simple ideas and

equations and proceeding to more complex physical (and mathematical, if required) problems and solutions.

The first chapters are literally the foundation upon which the edifice of the text rests. In the text, we can find claims, arguments, proofs, suppositions, references and so on. All these elements go to constitute the style of the genre itself. Thus the process of translation has to negotiate with, build upon and integrate all these elements. It is also the case that the possibility of research itself is based on the ambiguities inherent in the activity of translation. In spite of translation being one of the oldest professions in the world (or maybe because of it!), Venuti (1998: observes that the “study of the history and theory of translation remains a backwater in the academy.” This observation points to a fundamental tension present in according due importance to the study and practice of translation, and highlights the need for a sociological perspective, which is already inherent in this activity.

It also suggests an expansion of the academic stakes in translation. the equivalence as a theory in various points of view taken from theorists. The winter says the theorists are divided into two groups. The first group is in favor of linguists approach in translation. The second group is in favor of cultural approach toward translation and most importantly the equivalence. The writer also defines a mediocre place for scholars who do not belong to the first or second group. Scholars for the first group are Vinay, Catford, Darbelnet, Jakobson and Nida. Vinay and Darbelnet defined the equivalence as a procedure which replicates the same situation as in the original while using completely different wording. They also said that the equivalence is the ideal method in dealing with proverbs, idioms, clichés, etc. Jakobson considered three types of translation. They are inter lingual (between SL &TL), intra lingual (within one language), and inter semiotic (between sign systems). Nida`s theory was defined by the writer. Nida defined two types of equivalence. They are formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence. Writer says the formal equivalence focuses on the message itself. However, the dynamic equivalence is based on the equivalent effect. Catford is the next theorist who believed in linguistic approach toward translation and equivalence. He defined his theory based on the extent of translation, grammatical rank and the levels of language. He, later on, explained his notion of shifts. They are structure shift, class shift, unit shift, and intra system shift. House`s theory as a cultural or functional approach toward the notions of translation and equivalence. House defined two types of translation namely overt and covert translation. In the overt translation the TT audience is not directly addressed. On the other hand, the covert translation is the production of a text which is functionally equivalent to the ST. in the final part of the article, Baker`s theory of equivalence was defined. The writer says Baker explores the notion of equivalence at different levels. They are word level, grammatical level, textual level, and pragmatic level. Finally, the writer concluded that equivalence is still problematic in terms of definition, theoretical aspects, and practical aspects. . The writer goes on saying that some scholars opposed dynamic equivalence. One of them is Eco who is a scholar in translation. Eco criticized Nida and said that equivalence in meaning or dynamic equivalence is not a satisfactory criterion for correct translation. Eco continues that the equivalence in meaning which is provided by meaning is not accepted since there is no complete synonym in language. Eco exemplified daddy and father as not being the same. In fact, Eco believed that those who are involved in the art and craft of translation are definitely in a better position to formulate theoretical aspects of the subject. Eco said the translator should not render based on dictionary. Therefore, Eco meant that translating is not only connected with linguistic competence but also with intertexual, psychological, and narrative competence. Eco focused on the cultural aspects of translation. In the conclusion part, the theoretician defined two competing theories. Firstly, to render as exactly as possible the full meaning of words and phrases. Secondly, to render a result that does not read like a translation at all, but rather moves in its new dress near to the culture of target language. The last but not least, the good and accurate translation is the overall concern of all theories and should include the functional requirements of an accepted theory which is adequate. It means cultural elements and equivalent effect must be completely considered in the theoretical aspects of translation theory, because of the fact that it helps for translating adequate and proper. Equivalence is defined as the difference between measurement levels of within- and between- group comparisons. If the measure is biased against some cultural groups, individual difference within a cultural population and across cultural populations is not measured. At the same scale. There are three types of bias. They are construct bias, method bias, and item bias or differential item functioning. Construct bias is the dissimilarity of construct across cultures. Method bias is a general word that refers to all sources of bias resulting from methodological- procedural aspects of a study. Sample bias is subsuming all differences in scores that are related to specific aspects of a sample. Parallel to three types of bias, there are three types of equivalence. They are construct equivalence, method equivalence, and measurement unit equivalence. It should be said that these concepts namely equivalence and bias are integral part of any empirical study. Therefore, in any step of quantitative studies, there is a bias. All in all, the writer says that bias, holistically, refers to the absence or presence of nuisance factors. On the other hand, equivalence is the implication of bias on the cross cultural score comparisons to be made., in order to translate better the existence of good equivalences are urgent. Consequently, in order to get the highest possible level of equivalence, bias should be scrutinized in each and all steps of quantitative study. To put it in a nutshell, the most important part of translation is equivalence and the most important part of cultural issues in translation is the bias. Consequently, in order to translate better and more adequate, we have to know the bias, then, we will choose the best equivalence across languages. . The definition of equivalence comprises other non- specific definitions of equivalence. It is defined as generally being equal and interchangeable in value, quantity, significance, etc. the theoretician  defines the different aspects of equivalence and describes them. In other words, the all components of the equivalence are described. There is also a definition for translation studies. It is being equivalent according to different degrees of languages and ranks of languages. Another definition for equivalence is the scientific definition which states that the central problem of translation is that of finding TL translation equivalent and the central task of translation theory is that of defining the nature and conditions of translation equivalence. It is said that the main objective of translation studies is the explication of translation equivalence. The writer continues by explaining different scholars ` points of view toward equivalence like Nida`s formal and dynamic equivalence. The writer, then, considered the displacement of equivalence concept by introducing the historical- descriptive approach toward equivalence and translation. This approach emphasizes on the significance of the situation, and more specifically, the culture in which translations are to be situated. The scholars of this approach focus on the target culture. Generally, there are two approaches which are explained one is the linguistic approach and the other one is the descriptive- historical approach or functional approach. On the relation among translation, equivalence and intertextuality, the theoretician says authentication indicates the end of status as a translation. They concluded that if the equivalence spells the end of translation, it can be said that the end of translator’s work happened. They say that strong equivalence is total; he posits congruence of meaning and singularity of intent and leaves no room for differential voices. They also say that as long as translations remain translations, equivalence remains beyond their grasp and different subjects inhabit their discursive space. On the topic of dynamic equivalence, Nida defines it as mostly in favor of placing strong emphasis on the effect of the translated work on the receiver. In accordance with Nida, changes in the text, including words, metaphors, and even omission or addition, are allowed as long as the target text functions in the same manner as the source text. The example of Nida is the translation of the word “lamb” in to “seal” or “pig” in order to convey the message of God. In summary, equivalent effect refers to an intended result of functional equivalence translation method. At the same time, the term is used in translation theory to refer to the procedures and techniques of functional equivalence. The most important part or results of Nida`s functional equivalence is the fact that some kinds of adjustments is necessary in order to transfer the intended meaning. All in all, cultural equivalence is kind of strategy in equivalent effect domain and it is seem in case of many translated books across the different cultures and languages. One of the domains of translation is corpus- based translation studies. As the theoretician  says it is a kind of strategy for translation. He, later on, explains the parallel corpora which comprises text in two or more languages. It means there is a monolingual corpora, there is a bilingual or bi directional corpora and so on. they, then, explains the comparable corpora. It is a corpora which includes text collections whose size and content may vary. The composition and size of the corpora and their representative ness is relevant to respective languages. they say this article is the result of a study which was the corpus- based study of a connotation of non- literary language. It scrutinized the meaning of color words as it exists in linguistic expressions like to see red, to fell blue, and green with envy. It also explains what factors are responsible for activating the connotative meanings of the color words.

They  mainly focused on the fact that corpus data can be usefully exploited in order to identify series of translation equivalents for words, expressions, idioms, … etc. Another important factor mentioned by the writer is the reference to corpora. In fact, reference makes it possible to identify where differences and similarities lie across languages. Some case studies are provided by the writer to clarify the use of corpora. To sum up, the corpora has different types. The main aspects of corpora are comparability and reference. Usually, the use of TL corpora is for the sake of natural translation. Another important factor is that the choice in translation is related to choice in source language and it is done with the help of comparing chosen expression against its possible alternative along with the paradigmatic axis. Finally, they say corpus is used very much and the word profiling is therefore a much more straight forward matter that it was a few years ago. They emphasized that the combination of automatic processing, manual analysis and greater awareness of how language makes meaning help translator to reach equivalence very easily.  As a very important matter, translation researchers and translator training are affected by linguistic oriented approaches that support the view of the empirical data they collect. They develop scientific models. Finally, Venuti seems to define the shortcomings of the linguistic- oriented approaches. According to these approaches, translation is theorized on the model of Griceun conversation maxims is which the translator communicates the foreign text by cooperating with the domestic reader. They are quantifying of information, quality or truthfulness in translation, relevance or consistency of the context, and manner or clarity. Finally, despite all these aspects and models there is one model which is drawn by the writer. It is the dynamic translation model on which translation and equivalence and even translation criticism are discussed.

Conclusion: 

There is no doubt that the most controversial and problematic issue in translation is the notion of equivalence. After reading the articles, I believe that the articles can be divided in to two major groups. The first group are dedicated to the pure definition and aspects of translation equivalence. The second group comprises the concrete and performable aspects of equivalence like the application of types of equivalence.

References

Leonardi, V.(2000) Equivalence in Translation,V4,No4.

Rogers, M. (2007) Terminological Equivalence : probability and consistency in technical translation.

Halverson, S. (1997) The Concept of Equivalence in Translation Studies. Target1-2(1997),207-233

Van de vijver, F.J.R.(1997) Towards a Theory of Bias and Equivalence 41.

Ahmed Al Menoufi, F.(2006) Problems of dynamic equivalence in Translation. Post-Graduate student of KNU, Iman 2111[at] hotmail.com

Karimi, L.(2006) Equivalence in Translation.V10,N 1.

Hermans, T.(2003) Translation, Equivalence and Intertextuality.Wasafiri,18:40,39-41

Philip, G.(2003) Arriving at equivalence making a case for comparable corpora in Translation Studies. University of Bologna, Italy.

Lotfipour-Saedi, K.(1997):” Lexical Cohesion and Translation Equivalence” Meta,V42,n1,P.185-192.

Bolanos Cullar, S.(1990) A key Concept in Modern Translation Theory.Universidad Nacional de Colombia.

Gerzimisch-Arbogast, H.(2001) :”Equivalence Prameters and Evaluation”. Meta, V46,N2,P.227-242

Zhang,M.Jiang, H. Li, H.Ati, A. Li,S.(2002) Grammer Comparison Study for Translational Equivalence Modeling and Statitical Machine Translation. Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore.Harbin Institue of Technology, China.

Shimonata, M. Shumita, E. Matsumoto,Y.(2000) Retrieving Meaning- Equivalent Sentences for Example-Based Rough Translation. Nara Institue of  Science and Technology.

Chung- Ling, SH.(2005) Using Trados’s WinAlignTool to Teach the Translation Equivalence Concept. National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan.

Tianmin, J(2004) Translational Relationship: Equivalence vs Recognizability. Sichuan International  Studies University, China.

Finch, A. Howang, Y. Shumita, E.(2002) Using Machine Translation Evaluation Techniques to Determine Sentence-level Semantic Equivalence. ATR Research Institue.

Melamed, I.Dan.(1998) Models of Translational Equivalence. Institute for Research in Cognitive Science Technical Report=/98-05.

Higashino , H. (2001) Cultural Equivalence: it’s effectivenessand complications…. Has ” White Gloves” achived the equivalent effect of “Shiro Tabi”, University of Monash.

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Mobile Marketing With Text Messaging

The prospect of launching your first mobile marketing campaign can be downright scary. Mobile is a new platform, with new conventions, new language, and new metrics. Perhaps you’ve read a white paper in the past. It was probably dozens of pages long and filled with incomprehensible jargon. It discussed mobile marketing campaigns that promised paradigm shifting results. The only problem with the paper was that the campaigns it spoke of were dauntingly complex, and they seemed to rely on technology that has yet to truly arrive. Moreover, they were expensive, and they necessitated that you put your business in the hands of an expensive marketing firm.

We understand where you are coming from. And that is why we put together this Ez Guide To Mobile Marketing With Text Messaging. What makes this paper different?

Simplicity: Mobile Marketing encompasses a number of exciting different methods, from mobile video to location-based advertising. The problem with these methods is twofold: they are unproven and require consumers to possess sophisticated devices, and they are incredibly complicated for businesses to implement. That’s why we like to focus on SMS. Text messaging bypasses these hurdles. Nearly every mobile phone supports text messaging, and with 600 billion text messages sent per year in the United States, a majority of consumers are familiar with the technology. Do-It-Yourself: Mobile Marketing does not need to be difficult. This guide will show how you can quickly get started with a Do-It-Yourself (DIY) solution that won’t sacrifice any of the power and effectiveness of an expensive, agency-run campaign. Cost: In economic times good or bad, you always want to keep a careful eye on the return on investment (ROI) of your marketing campaigns. DIY mobile marketing with text messaging fulfills this goal in two ways. First, text messaging is inexpensive. Rates per message are as low as a few pennies each. And second, you can use a powerful DIY mobile marketing software package to carefully monitor costs and response rates in real time.

Ready to learn how easy it is to launch your first mobile marketing campaign?

About Ez Texting:

Since 2006, Ez Texting has led the mobile marketing industry in providing a simple, affordable text messaging platform for small to medium-sized businesses. We proudly offer the only US-based turnkey online solution that allows clients from all industries – education, hospitality, religion, politics, non-profits, technology and more – to develop and execute a text messaging campaign within minutes.

Own a fast-food franchise and need to send instant coupons to hungry customers? Organizing a weekly soccer league for your kids and want a quick way to communicate with fellow parents? Looking for a way to capture incoming leads for your sales team? Look no further.

Using our powerful platform, clients can setup SMS alerts, voting, contests, polls and much more. Get instant feedback from your members right to your Ez Texting inbox with our true 2-way messaging capabilities. And with the easy-to-remember shared short code 313131, setting up keywords is a breeze. We also offer advanced API and dedicated short code options.

Ez Texting currently supports messaging to the US and Canada for a rapidly growing client base of over 40,000 users.

A Note From Shane Neman, CEO of Ez Texting, Inc.

A few years ago, the term “mobile marketing” was a concept far too esoteric and technical for businesses to grasp, let alone attempt to implement in-house. Ez Texting offers a web-based mobile text messaging platform for businesses. Here’s how it works: You connect to Ez Texting online, tap out a message and then it is sent out to your intended audience (customers, organization members, employees, etc). For marketers, customers on the receiving end can choose to either ignore the note or respond to the promotion.

When a local sales team from Jostens, the yearbook and class ring company, recently used Ez Texting to remind students in the Puyallup, Wash., area about payment due dates, the number of people who paid for the company’s graduation products ahead of schedule rose by as much as 40%. Because of that success rate this Jostens team scrapped its direct mail campaign, saving it roughly ,000 in postage.

We love helping people reach that “Aha!” moment. So many clients come to us with ideas they can only conceptualize. It’s rewarding to present them with techniques that can help their ideas evolve into real results.

We also love educating customers about what exactly mobile marketing is, how they can use it and showing them what kind of results they can expect. That’s a big feat for a small team of people, but we have managed to help over 40,000 customers and continue to do so every day.

- Shane Neman
CEO, Ez Texting, Inc.

What Is Mobile Marketing & Why Is It Different?

Mobile Marketing is, simply put, the practice of extending your marketing efforts to mobile devices. Today ‘mobile devices’ primarily means mobile phones, including smart phones such as the Blackberry and the Apple iPhone. In the future we will likely see full-fledged mobile computers, with persistent connections to the Internet. Such devices will offer a rich media marketing platform. However, those services are not yet here on a meaningful scale. For example, less than a quarter of Americans have ever browsed the mobile web And this represents the fundamental conundrum facing your firm when you consider whether to launch your first mobile marketing campaign. You’ve heard that mobile marketing is the future of advertising, but just not yet.

Only that’s not the case.

Contrary to what you may have heard, Mobile Marketing is here, and savvy firms, from Fortune 500 companies to small businesses, are already running successful mobile campaigns. SMS Text Messaging is the key to this puzzle.
Nearly every phone in the United States supports text messaging. Over half of all

Americans have sent or received a text message. The average mobile phone subscriber sends nearly 200 text messages every month. When you look closer, at the prized 18 – 29 demographic, the adoption rate is even higher, edging toward saturation at 85%. Among those 30 – 49 years old , the adoption rate is at 65% and climbing

So Americans are clearly texting. But what do they think about being marketed to via text message? In a recent Direct Marketing Association survey, 70% of the sample revealed that they had responded to a marketing text message. To put this in perspective, the DMA adds that only 30% of those surveyed responded to a marketing email.

Why are consumers so eager to respond to marketing text messages? The answer reveals the value text messaging offers to both you and your customers:

It’s Interactive – 21st century marketing is about having a conversation with your customers, rather than shouting at them. A world saturated with intrusive advertising like spam, pop-ups, and commercials has overwhelmed consumers. Increasingly, they tune out messages broadcast to a wide audience, whether by using digital video recorders to skip past commercials, or simply by ignoring the banner ads on their favorite website. It’s Personal – Your customers expect you to speak to them, and text messaging allows you to reach them individually, whenever, wherever, in the palm of their hands. This reach is of value to you the marketer. It also is of value to your customers. With a few taps of their thumbs they can respond to whatever message that you have sent them. With text messaging you can build relationships with your customers. It’s Immediate – Text Messaging, like Twitter, and Instant Messaging, is blazingly fast. With text messaging you can communicate with your customers as speedily as they are now accustomed to living. You can also move quickly. Say you are a winter wear shop and you see that today a snowstorm is on its way. In less than five minutes you can send a text message to your customers containing a special offer on hats and gloves. It’s Trackable – When you send out text messages to your customers you can see, in real time, who has responded to your message. It’s New - Although thousands of companies large and small are already marketing to their customers via text message, the medium is still in its infancy. If you act now, you are letting your customers know that you are a forward-thinking firm. Your marketing efforts will break through the traditional clutter. What Is The Value Proposition?

Mobile Marketing comes in many different flavors. For the vast majority of businesses, we think that text messaging is the best way to reach your consumers. In order to give you a quick overview of your options, below we walk you through the forms of mobile marketing other than text messaging that are available, explaining their pros and cons.

Advertising on the Mobile Web – Many prominent websites now offer custom tailored sites for mobile phones, via WAP, and specially designed iPhone or Blackberry sites. The problem is, less than a quarter of Americans use the mobile web. This seriously restricts the reach of your mobile advertising campaign. Furthermore, when you design a banner ad for the mobile web you need to make sure that it will display correctly on thousands of different devices, made by over a dozen different manufacturers.

If your firm does decide to build its own WAP site, you can easily integrate it into your text messaging campaigns. Bluetooth/Infrared – In recent years a number of brands have rolled out Bluetooth and infrared marketing campaigns. In a typical scenario, a street advertisement will offer consumers the opportunity to receive marketing content wirelessly at the ‘hotspot.’ We have seen such initiatives from Discovery Channel and Pepsi using New York City bus stop shelters. These campaigns, while technologically innovative, are rare. Location Based Advertising – Many mobile phones are equipped with Global Position System receivers. In a typical scenario, a store may send a special offer to a consumer when they are in the neighborhood. This technology is growing in popularity overseas, but it is very much in its infancy in the US. Multimedia Message Service (MMS) – Most mobile phones support multimedia messages, which can contain text, sound, images, and even video. The iPhone, notably does not support MMS. The downside to MMS marketing is that receiving such messages can be costly to consumers. Furthermore, different networks and different devices conform to differing standards, hindering simple, ubiquitous campaigns. Successful MMS campaigns are typically run “on-deck,” which means that they confined to a single carrier. Although running an “on-deck” campaign allows you to leverage the power of MMS by conforming to a particular carrier’s technology, you are limited to that carrier’s customers Mobile Search – Marketers familiar with Cost Per Click (CPC) search advertising programs such as Google AdWords, may be aware that these programs are now available on the mobile web. Extending your CPC search campaign to the mobile web presents numerous challenges. First, mobile search suffers the same ‘reach’ drawbacks as mobile advertising. Furthermore, the major cellular carriers hope to keep searches in house, rather than ceding their users to a mobile search engine; and when consumers search on their mobile device their intentions are very different than when they are sitting at their desktop. Mobile Gaming – Consumers have begun to embrace gaming on their mobile phones. Some firms have begun to advertise within freely available games. Mobile gaming is certainly popular, but it does not offer scale. Furthermore, your firm may have difficulty finding suitable placements.

As you can see, all of these marketing formats have serious drawbacks. We would not be surprised to see them become more viable in the future. For now though, none of them offer the reach, the simplicity, and the low cost of text messaging.

Now let’s take a look at mobile marketing with text messaging: You Can Do-It-Yourself – Small and medium businesses that do not have the inclination or the resources to work with a marketing agency can launch a text messaging campaign in-house using a simple web-based software/service like Ez Texting. All you need is a web browser and a credit card to get started. Text Messaging Is Inexpensive – The cost of text messaging is important to you and your customers alike. Sending out a mass text messaging campaign is inexpensive (prices as low as a nickle per message). Receiving text messages comes at a very low price as well: most mobile phone plans include at least a few hundred messages per month, and additional messages cost only pennies to receive. Heavy texters – most of whom are concentrated in the 18-35 age group – are likely to have unlimited message plans. High Penetration Rate – Half of all Americans are already texting, and even those who don’t text are almost certain to own a phone that supports text messaging. Over 250 million Americans own a mobile phone, and nearly all of them are ready to receive your message. No other type of mobile marketing can match text messaging’s reach. Begin The Conversation With Text Messaging – Other types of mobile marketing will grow in importance in the future. If you start text messaging with your customers now, you’ll have the relationship (and data) in place to reach them in new ways in the future. How To Start Your Text Message Marketing Campaign In 9 Steps

As this is the Ez Guide to Mobile Marketing with Text Messaging we hate to complicate things, but we do need to help you understand an important difference between the two common types of text message marketing campaigns. Don’t worry – the difference is simple, but as you will see, the steps that you will take to get started will vary based on the type of campaign that you are planning.

There are two types of text messaging campaigns: pull and push. In a push campaign, your firm starts off with a database of opted in phone numbers. A pull campaign is designed to build a database of phone numbers for future use.

Pick A Firm – Can they handle volume; do they support all carriers; do they offer easy-to-use software; do they offer advanced features you may want to use down the road? Target The Customers/Members You Would Like To Reach – The power of marketing with text messages is that it allows you to reach the customers you want to reach. Figure out who they are before you design your campaign. (If you are conducting a push campaign, you already have these customers’ phone numbers. If you are launching a pull campaign, you will design the campaign to best reach your target customers) Setup A Means To Collect Numbers – There are three ways to collect phone numbers. You can direct your customers to opt-in by sending a message with your keyword to a short code; you can collect customer phone numbers using a web widget; or, if you are conducting a push campaign, you can easily import previously collected phone numbers into your campaign database. Choose A Keyword – A Keyword is a short word (which may include numbers) that customers send a text message to, in order to join your list. An example would be: ‘Text KEYWORD to SHORTCODE to join our text messaging list.’  When you select a mobile marketing firm to work with, such as Ez Texting, they will allow you to use their shared Short Code. In Ez Texting’s case this code is 313131  Feel free to give this a try! Text EZ to the number 313131 and see what happens. Choose A Good Call To Action (CTA) – You want to offer your customers value in return for joining your database. A typical CTA might go: Text KEYWORD to SHORTCODE to join our text messaging list and receive 10 percent off your next purchase at the boutique. Design Your Promotional Efforts – Your mobile marketing campaign can stand alone, or it can compliment your existing marketing campaigns. Keep It Simple! – When you send out a mass message, keep it simple. You have 160 characters. Use them wisely. And always send a test message to yourself! Always Allow Your Customers To Opt-Out – When you first text your customers you need to let them know how to Opt-Out from receiving future text messages. This is usually accomplished by replying STOP to one of your messages. Track Your Results – When you run a campaign you are going to collect a lot of data – response rates, time of day, and other data points. Use that data to design your next campaign and you’ll achieve even greater ROI! The Value Of Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Mobile Marketing

As we’ve already shown you, Mobile Marketing with text messaging is easy. There are other advantages, beyond ease of use, to DIY text messaging:

Ease Of Use – A Mobile Marketing package like Ez Texting is simple to use. It is web-based, which means that there is no software to install. You can check on your campaigns and launch new ones from any computer with an Internet connection or even directly from your own cell phone. Cost Effective – Our current economic climate is extremely challenging. There is a good chance that your customers are spending less. Meanwhile, your competitors are cutting prices, hoping to make whatever money they can. When you start looking for places to cut corners, your marketing budget often winds up in the crosshairs. A DIY mobile marketing campaign allows you to keep talking to your customers without the upfront costs of traditional ad buys. You can’t afford to stop advertising, and text messaging allows you to eschew expensive, untargeted campaigns in favor of inexpensive, targeted campaigns. Many Ez Texting clients tell us they were able to cut back on other, more costly advertising methods once they built an effective database of opt-in customers. Control – Everyone needs a helping hand every now and then, and a premier mobile marketing firm like Ez Texting is always there to help you get started and answer your questions. What you don’t need is an expensive agency to do things you can do yourself, on their terms, instead of your own. Ez Texting’s software allows you to conceive and send messages on your own. Even more importantly, you control every dollar that you spend. Data – When you run your own mobile marketing campaign you control your data. Names, phone numbers, response rates – whatever data you collect, it is all yours. Do not rely on an agency to provide you with your data upon request. Campaigns That Are Uniquely Yours – Instead of allowing an agency to repurpose a cookie-cutter campaign, with a DIY solution you (or your marketing team) design campaigns that fit what your company does and what it represents. Text Message Marketing That Goes Beyond Mere Messages

SMS Text messaging is the most popular and effective form of mobile marketing because it does exactly what it is supposed to do. You can achieve great ROI doing nothing more than occasionally texting your customers with notices, reminders and offers. But, as you will see, there is so much more that you can do. Importantly, for you and for your customers, all of these compelling methods keep things simple.

Mobile Couponing – Invite customers to text in your keyword to receive instant coupons that they can display in your store for a discount. In numerous surveys, consumers report that they are especially open to messages that offer value. Contests – Commonly referred to as “Text-2-Win”, a mobile contest offers consumers the opportunity to text in to win a prize. Ez Texting’s software includes built-in contest functionality, allowing you to randomly select winners or to offer prizes to the first x number of entries. Every person that texts into the contest will be added to your database of phone numbers Voting & Trivia – Interacting with consumers often produces the most successful marketing campaigns. Not only do Voting & Trivia allow customers to put in their two cents on a topic, but you collect valuable demographic data about your target consumers’ likes, dislikes and personality trends.

Tips & Tricks To Turbo Charge Your Mobile Marketing Campaign

Do-It-Yourself mobile marketing with Ez Texting’s software is simple. That does not mean that our software isn’t extremely powerful. After spending a few minutes sending out experimental messages, you’ll be ready to try out some of our advanced features:

Message Forwarding – The messages that your customers send you can be forwarded to your email address or directly to your own mobile phone. Radio stations use this feature to relay song requests to DJs. Churches set up forwarding to a cell phone for anonymous prayer requests during church services. Send Messages From Your Phone – When you just cannot get to a computer with an Internet connection you still can send out messages to your database of customers. This is perfect for one-the-go clients and marketers. Busy working the floor at a convention or a trade show? Send out timely messages to your clients from your mobile phone. Message Scheduling –If you know that you want to send out a message at some time in the future, just enter it into the system, schedule it, and then when the time comes the message will be sent out automatically. Web Widget - A fully customizable signup widget allows patrons to join your text messaging database from any website, email blast, MySpace or Facebook page. This security-enabled widget only subscribes unique, active cell phone numbers. Simply copy and paste the widget and you are done! Random Sends – Running a special offer? Only want to hit some of your customers? With a random send the Ez Texting software will send out messages to x number of random phone numbers in your database. Application Programming Interface (API) –Generally API is for advanced users only. If you don’t know what an API is, it is probably best to skip to the next page. Through your Ez Texting account, you can use our API to integrate the sending and receiving of text messages with your own website or application. This is helpful for firms with existing platforms, such as doctor’s offices that wish to add an SMS notification system to their CRM tool.

Look Who’s Texting

As we said in the introduction to this guide, mobile marketing with text messaging is already here. Businesses large and small are running campaigns this very moment. Last year, SuperStop USA, a gas station in St. Paul, MN, launched one of our favorite Ez Texting powered mobile marketing campaigns:

SuperStop USA– When gas prices are scheduled to go up, SuperStop USA owner Tony Donatell knows in advance. He believed that his customers would make it a point to fill up their tanks at his station if they were alerted in advance of the price increase. What Mr. Donatell needed was a way to quickly reach his customers with this information.

SuperStop USA found a solution with an Ez Texting powered program called Gas Alerts. To attract subscribers, the station deployed Point of Purchase (POP) displays featuring their CTA, ranging from in-store signs at the registers to promotional posters outside at the pumps instructing customers to text “GAS” to 25827.

Super Stop amassed over 70 subscribers in less than two weeks. They reported a response rate greater than 20% for each text message blast. The program is still going strong a year later.

The following three campaigns were some of 2008’s most prominent and successful mobile marketing efforts:

American Idol– A few years ago, the producers of American Idol and AT&T teamed up to allow Idol viewers to vote on their favorite contestants via SMS. In 2008, fans voted in record numbers, sending in 78 million text messages. In 2008, AT&T expanded their Idol efforts to include “voting reminders, trivia, a TXT-n-Win sweepstakes promising the winner ,000 cash and a trip for two to the Idol series finale in Los Angeles, and contestant ringtones and video clips featuring outrageous audition moments.”

President Barack Obama’s 2008 Election Campaign – Political historians will be studying Barack Obama’s historic campaign for decades to come. There is one thing that everyone already agrees upon – Obama’s New Media team leveraged the web, social networks, and text messaging in unprecedented ways to communicate with supporters, recruit donors, and enhance get-out-the-vote (GOTV) efforts. Famously, the Obama campaign announced their Vice Presidential selection of Joe Biden to opted in subscribers via text message. The message went out to 2.9 million mobile phones. The phone numbers went into the campaign database.

Finally, when Election Day came, supporters received text messages reminding them to vote. This was much more than a nifty way to end a campaign that exploited text messaging so successfully – research has found that SMS is more effective than all GOTV methods other than old fashioned door-to-door canvassing. Canvassing may be more effective at turning out votes, than text messaging, but it costs nearly 20x as much per recruited vote.

The American Red Cross – The American Red Cross raised 0,000 dollars in 2008 with its Text 2HELP program. The program is activated during major disasters. According to The Wireless Foundation, “subscribers of participating wireless carriers can send a text message to “2HELP” (24357) containing the word “GIVE.” A tax-deductible donation will be made to the American Red Cross for disaster relief efforts. Donations will appear on customers’ monthly bills or be debited from a prepaid account balance.”

In 2008, the Text 2HELP campaign was advertised across various communications channels, and received its biggest boost when both Presidential candidates called their constituents to action. During the Republican National Convention, Mike Duncan, the chairman of the RNC, asked convention attendants to take out their mobile phones and text in a donation. The Obama campaign leveraged their own text messaging campaign to aid the Red Cross, sending their entire database of subscribers a message asking them to text GIVE to 24537 (2HELP).

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Effects and Wonders of Human Growth Hormones

Human growth hormones are an answer to the body conflicts, a studied remedy. It boosts the immune system and better body building to name a few.

The human body was created to heal itself naturally with time. If we get bruised, or a cut, or come down with a flu, we will heal in time. Scientists studied that even a very small gland in our body could heal.

There came the study of growth hormones inside of us, and how it works to our advantage. It was seen as a potential to help the body heal should other organs fail or malfunction.

At first, this is to look for ways to solve impairments. Now, to enhance lifestyle with its profound results as well many have developed means of undergoing treatment that would harm the elements of the body. Some resort to surgery and do some procedures without assurances.

Most of the time there are side effects that cause traumatic episodes to the testers. With the results of the human growth hormones, a wide spectrum of possibilities has shown substantial ventures. It all is uncomplicated.

People nowadays find it difficult to maintain a balanced diet and keep watch on what they eat. Time constraints led to minimal self healing and turn to medical solutions for fast relief. Studies have been generating from the demand and would promise to supply at any given time. From the secreted substance of the pituitary gland, tests were made to see all the effects on all means possible.

Human growth hormones have several recorded effects. They are subjected to different parts of physiological predicament. They made treatments to several conditions like obesity (difficulty in losing Lose Weight Exercise) and to reverse effects of multiple sclerosis.

These hormones are also used as therapy for body building and an anabolic for competitors in sports, boost body performance and aid participants of international competitions. It is also employed for the common problems of delayed sexual maturity and as anti-ageing therapy.

Human growth hormone is also applicable to persons having problems with sleep, Lose Weight Exercise, low levels of sugar, dietary protein, hypoglycemia, and increased androgen secretion during puberty.

The results of using the growth hormones are positive. There is marked increased calcium, strengthened and mineralization of bones. The immune system significantly improves, plus increased muscle and protein synthesis and stimulation of all of internal body parts are noted. With all the records shown for human growth hormones, it has also been marketed as a supplement.

Researches, however, have given caution on all possible propagandas. All cures have downside. There have been stories that may or may not be under the label of side effects of human hormones. The excessive intake of it may add to the risks of diabetes. It was also found that hormones did not increase muscle strength, but led to the assumption that it went to body mass. Other adverse side effects include joint swelling, joint pain, and carpal tunnel syndrome.

On all administered drug even with its promising results, all taken in should be monitored. Overdose is more likely to happen if not taken at appropriate amounts. An intake of too much food even with its balanced compounds will create uncalled for changes in the structure of the body.

The suggested intake is only one per day. Each dose applies to the Lose Weight Exercise and compatibility of the user. Doctors will see to it that the computations done with the user will not spoil the findings.

The Text Trend

Text messaging has evolved into becoming one of the fastest, easiest and more common ways of communicating with other people on a daily basis.

Only a couple of years ago, mobile phones were not widely used and those who used it were mostly businessmen who had to endure carrying the big bulky models. Now, almost everyone has his or her own mobile phone, and leaving the house without your phone is considered a major mistake.

Carrying a mobile phone is now considered not just ordinary but necessary to be able to communicate with friends and others. Aside from just making phone calls, mobiles can now be used for so much more, like taking pictures, playing music, playing games, sending e-mails, surfing the internet, and sending SMS messages. Short Message Sending, also known as texting, is when someone uses the mobile phone to send short messages to another mobile phone user over the telephone network.

The popularity of texting first spread rapidly in Asia, where high school teenagers started using text messaging as a more cost effective way of communication other than phone calls. As the trend grew, texting started to evolve into its own language, giving birth to abbreviations, slang and even driving the market to create phone models that are more suited towards texting.

It is easy to start texting as long as the mobile phone being used is capable of sending them. All the user needs to do is go to the proper menu where a message may be created or composed. Then the user needs to create a message by tapping out the letters and symbols on the keypad. Once the message has been created, the user just needs to select the receiver of the message and send it.

The charges for a single SMS vary according to the service provider. Despite the fact that there used to be no extra charge for texting when it first became available, the high number of people who used texting called attention to the trend when they started clogging the networks. Big businesses saw this as an opportunity to expand their empire by including texting in their list of services and started promoting the trend.

As the texting trend grew, it evolved into its own sub culture. The trend spread out to other generations beyond the realm of teenyboppers. People started using SMS to create jokes and graphics. Forwarded messages like chain emails were created and hoaxes, pranks, and even scams were also formulated on SMS.

Texting has evolved in several ways since then. One is the advent of MMS, or Multimedia Message Sending, which lets users send audio, video and image files with simple text messages. These allow greater personalization of the individual text messages. Even simple SMS were further personalized. The smiley faces and emoticons that can be added to a text message were enhanced, allowing people to insert more emotion to their messages.

Another mark of evolution in texting is its steady commercialization. Big companies have started to use text messages as a way to have their advertisements reach the consumer. Those with phones will no doubt receive at least one unsolicited advertisement on their phone a day.

There is no question that texting has come a long way from being a cheap alternative to calling. It is now the easiest way to connect to other people constantly and consistently throughout the day.